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[Date Prev][Date Next][Thread Prev][Thread Next][Date Index][Thread Index] iSCSI: Naming and Discovery DocumentThe following attached document has been submitted to IETF. This naming and discovery document has been worked on by the iSCSI naming and discovery team. (See attached file: draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-disc-reqts-01.txt) regards, Kaladhar Voruganti
iSCSI Mark Bakke
Internet Draft Cisco
Joe Czap
IBM
Jim Hafner
IBM
Howard Hall
Pirus
Jack Harwood
EMC
John Hufferd
IBM
Yaron Klein
Sanrad
Lawrence Lamers
San Valley Systems
Joshua Tseng
Nishan
Kaladhar Voruganti
IBM
draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-disc-reqts-01.txt January, 2001
Expires July 2001
iSCSI Naming and Discovery Requirements
Status of this Memo
This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
all provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026 except that the right to
produce derivative works is not granted.
Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups. Note that
other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
Drafts. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of
six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other
documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts
as reference material or to cite them other than as "work in
progress."
The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt
Voruganti Internet Draft Expires July 2001 1
iSCSI Naming and Discovery November 2000
The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.
Comments
Comments should be sent to the ips mailing list (ips@ece.cmu.edu) or to
kaladhar@us.ibm.com
1. Abstract
This document describes the iSCSI [7] naming and discovery requirements. The
requirements presented in this document have been agreed to by the members of
the iSCSI naming and discovery team. This document complements the iSCSI IETF
draft. Flexibility is the key guiding principle behind this requirements
document. That is, an effort has been made to satisfy the needs of both small
isolated environments, as well as large environments requiring secure/scalable
solutions.
This document has been organized into the following sections:
a) Section 3 presents the naming requirements.
b) Section 4 discusses the discovery requirements.
c) Section 5 presents Storage Name Server (SNS) requirements.
d) Section 6 briefly discusses other existing discovery protocols.
2. Conventions used in this document
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in
this document are to be interpreted as described in RFC-2119.
3. Naming Requirements
In order for an iSCSI initiator to connect to an iSCSI target, the initiator
needs to provide information about the Network Entity object, Portal Object and
the target Storage Node object. The details of these three iSCSI objects are as
follows:
a) Network Entity Object
The Network Entity object represents a device or gateway that is accessible from
the IP network. This device or gateway may support one or more initiators or
targets that are either internal to the storage device or accessible through a
network behind the gateway. Each initiator or target is represented by
subordinate Storage Node objects. The Network Entity object is identified by its
IP address.
b) Portal Object
The Portal object is a port through which access to any Storage Node
object within the Network Entity object can be obtained. A Network Entity object
must have one or more Portal objects, each of which is usable by Storage Node
objects contained in that Network Entity object to gain access to the IP
network. The Portal object is identified by its IP address and Port number. The
Portal object's IP address can be different than the Network Entity IP address.
There is a canonical iSCSI TCP port present at each Network Entity object.
However, Storage Node objects can also be accessed via non-canonical
iSCSI TCP ports.
c) Storage Node Object
The Storage Node object defines an individual iSCSI initiator or target.
There may be one or more Storage Node objects within the Network Entity
object. A Storage Node object is identified by its world wide unique
identifier (WWUI). There is a requirement to have the ability to generate
world wide unique identifiers (WWUIs) for both iSCSI initiators and targets.
However, it is not mandatory for the initiators and targets to use WWUIs
because a globally unique identifier might not be required in some simple,
isolated iSCSI configurations. WWUIs are useful because in some cases (e.g. when
DHCP services [6] are used etc), the combination of IP address and port number
[6] cannot uniquely identify an initiator or a target.
There is a default Storage Node object present at every target network entity
that can be accessed without specifying the WWUI. However, if there are multiple
iSCSI target Storage Nodes that are serviced by a single Network Entity and
Portal objects, then it is necessary for the initiator to specify the target
Storage Node WWUI to uniquely identify the target storage node. An alias string
could also be associated with a target storage node. The target alias helps an
organization to associate their own semantic meaning with the target alias
string. For example, the alias string could represent the organizational
hierarchy in which the storage device resides such as:
CompanyXXX.com/research/dept1/individual/storage_device1
However, the target alias string is not a substitute for the target WWUI.
3.1 World Wide Unique Identifier
The WWUI uniquely identifies iSCSI initiators and targets. The initiator WWUI
corresponds to the logical operating system on which the initiator is running,
and the target WWUI corresponds to the target Storage Node entity. The WWUI may
be displayed by user interfaces, but is generally uninterpreted and used as an
opaque binary string for comparison with other WWUI values.
The use of the naming authority means that WWUIs can be assigned by virtually
any uniqueness scheme that can be devised by OS vendors, driver or iSCSI NIC
vendors, device vendors, gateway vendors, and even the customer.
The format of the iSCSI WWUI is as follows:
WWUI = Length + Type + Type-dependent format
Length is 1 byte and includes Type and the rest of the WWUI, but not itself.
The maximum length field value is 255, making a maximum total WWUI of 256 bytes
(including Length), and a maximum type-dependent format of 254 bytes.
The minimum length of a WWUI is 2; the WWUI would consist of just
the Length field (== 1), and a Type field.
Type is 1 byte and is as follows (similar, but not identical to SPC-2 VPD)
00 - No_Authority (not guaranteed to be unique)
01 - ASCII (using reversed DNS name as Naming Authority)
02 - IEEE EUI-64
03 - Unicode (DNS naming authority)
04 - Generic Binary WWUI (to be considered)
Addition of new types requires approval to become an iSCSI standard.
Open Question: Should all occurences of "ASCII" in this
document be replaced with "UTF-8"? So far, we
have had no votes for UTF-8.
Open Question: Should the WWUI be padded to a 4-byte boundary?
Please see discussion on transporting a WWUI.
Use of the ASCII format is recommended when possible for the following
reasons:
- an ASCII WWUI is easier to type and differentiate in a user
interface.
- An ASCII WWUI can use a DNS name as a naming authority. It can
be assumed that anyone who wants to name targets or initiators
owns a DNS name. The same is not true for either OUI or SCSI
Vendor ID. This also means that end users can name their own
targets and initiators, for whatever their purposes may be.
- WWUIs are only used during login and discovery phases, so the
overhead does not get in the way of the data path.
The IEEE format is recommended when:
- There is an existing IEEE unique name that must be communicated
to iSCSI.
The Unicode format is recommended in place of ASCII when:
- Human-readable format is desired, and a character set other
than ASCII is needed.
We may also consider adding a generic binary string format using a
manufacturer's OUI as a naming authority.
Type determines the remainder of the WWUI format and it can be in the
following formats:
No_WWUI Format
+------------+-----------+
| Length = 1 | Type = 00 |
+------------+-----------+
This format is used to indicate a NULL WWUI.
ASCII_WWUI Format
+------------------+-----------+------------------
| Length = | Type = 01 | string
| 1+strlen(string) | |
+------------------+-----------+------------------
The ASCII WWUI string is defined as follows:
String starts with a backwards domain name specifying the Naming
Authority, using dots as separators, just as in a regular domain
name. It's backwards, since it is not really used as a fully
qualified host name; only the necessary top levels need by used.
Basically, everything after the backwards domain name, followed
by another dot ".", can be assigned as needed by the owner of
the domain name.
Here is an example ASCII WWUI string:
3201com.acme.diskarrays.sn.a8675309
Where:
32 is the length of the string + length of Type
01 refers to ASCII WWUI type string
In the rest of this document even though the length field and the type
field values are in front of the WWUI string, they are not being
shown for
readability sake.
"com.acme" defines the Naming Authority. The owner of the DNS
name "acme.com" has the sole right of use of this name within
a WWUI. In this case, acme.com happens to manufacture disk
arrays.
"diskarrays" was picked arbitrarily by acme.com to use to
identify the disk arrays they manufacture. Another product
that ACME makes would use a different name, and have their
own namespace independent of the disk array group.
"sn" was picked by the disk array group of Acme to show that
what follows is a serial number. They could have just assumed
that all WWUIs are based on serial numbers, but they thought
that perhaps later products might be better identified by
something else. Adding "sn" was a future-proof measure.
"a8675309" is the serial number of the disk array, uniquely
identifying it from all other arrays.
Please note that WWUI is NOT an address - even though it uses a DNS
name, this is for the naming authority only; it is not an address
used to discover anything.
Note that we could have used the ASCII Vendor ID as a naming
authority. However, some large customers and service providers
may wish to use their own identification scheme, rather than
that provided by the manufacturer. These customers would not
likely have a registered Vendor ID, but the domain name we
used is ubiquitous, and seemed more appropriate.
Further examples of ASCII WWUIs are given at the end of this
document.
IEEE_WWUI
+------------+-----------+---------------------+
| Length = 9 | Type = 02 | IEEE EUI-64 Address |
+------------+-----------+---------------------+
The IEEE WWUI might be used when a manufacturer is already
basing unique identifiers on World-Wide Names as defined in
the SCSI SPC-2 specification.
It may also be used by a gateway representing a Fibre Channel
or SCSI device that is already adequately identified using a
world-wide name.
Unicode_WWUI
+------------------+-----------+------------------
| Length = | Type = 03 | Unicode string
| 1+strlen(string) | |
+------------------+-----------+------------------
This format is identical to the ASCII format, including the
use of the reversed domain name as the naming authority, except
that Unicode is used instead of ASCII.
Binary_WWUI Format (to be considered)
+------------------+-----------+------------------
| Length = | Type = 04 | OUI | binary UI
| 1+len(binary UI) | | 3 bytes |
+------------------+-----------+------------------
Initiator and Target Requirements for WWUI support:
Both shall support WWUIs of up to the maximum length.
Initiators and targets shall present their own WWUI as part of
the protocols defined elsewhere.
User interfaces should display any ASCII type WWUI as an
ASCII string, any binary format WWUI as a string of hex digits,
and all types unknown to the implementation as if the format
were binary.
Some WWUI Examples for Targets
- Assign to a target based on controller serial number
com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
See the ASCII WWUI example above for discussion.
- Assign to a target based on serial number and logical target alias
com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309.oracle_database_1
Where oracle_database_1 might be a target alias assigned by
a user.
This would be useful for a controller that can present
different logical targets to different hosts.
Obviously, any naming authority may come up with its own scheme
and hierarchy for these names, and be just as valid.
A target WWUI should NEVER be assigned based on interface hardware,
or other hardware that can be swapped and moved to other devices.
Some WWUI Examples for Initiators
- Assign to the OS image by fully qualified host name
com.osvendor.dns.com.customer1.host_four
Note the use of two FQDNs - that of the naming
authority and also that of the host that is being
named. This can cause problems, due to limitations
imposed on the size of the WWUI.
( write in what to do about this )
- Assign to the OS image by OS install serial number
com.osvendor.newos5.12345-OEM-0067890-23456
Note that this breaks if an install CD is used more
than once.
- Assign to the OS image by a service provider
com.mydisk.users.mbakke05657
Note that this could also be assigned to a particular
iSCSI address if more than one SP is used.
Some WWUI Examples for Gateways
( needs work, but gateway vendors are a creative lot )
Adding the WWUI to SCSI Third Party Commands
Work done on adding the WWUI address type to SCSI third
party commands, such as extended copy, is being done in
T10.
Using Initiator and Target WWUI During Login
The Initiator WWUI should always be sent during login. As a target
may use the Initiator WWUI as part of its access control mechanism, an
initiator that does not send its WWUI stands the risk that it will be
excluded from accessing some or all of its targets.
1. Both target WWUI and the target alias are specified I->Login Request
InitiatorWWUI: com.os.hostid.34567890
TargetWWUI: com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
TargetAlias: foo
.
. text commands flow here during authentication phase
.
T->Login Response
TargetWWUI: com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
TargetAlias: foo
2. Only Target WWUI is specified and no alias is specified.
I->Login Request
InitiatorWWUI: com.os.hostid.34567890
TargetWWUI: com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
.
. text commands flow here during authentication phase
.
T->Login Response
TargetWWUI: com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
TargetAlias: foo
3. Neither target alias nor WWUI is specified. If there is just
one target, or a default target, at the IP Address and port,
this will work. The target returns its WWUI so the initiator
can keep it for future use.
I->Login Request
InitiatorWWUI: com.os.hostid.34567890
.
. text commands flow here during authentication phase
.
T->Login Response
TargetWWUI: com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
TargetAlias: foo
Answers to Potentially Frequently Asked Questions
What happens if an Initiator WWUI is not unique?
- Targets will authenticate both as same entity
- Targets will believe that one initiator is using
them via different network interfaces.
- Initiators may end up sharing a device by
accident.
3.2 Alias String
The alias string is an ASCII string that is used to identify a Storage Node
object that can be accessed via a particular Network Entity object and a Portal
object. The alias string is a variable length, between 0 to 255 bytes,
user-readable ASCII text string. The alias string is terminated with at least
one NULL character. The alias string format is similar to that of the UNIX file
address format.
4. iSCSI Discovery
An iSCSI initiator Storage Node can discover an iSCSI target Storage Node
in the following different ways:
a) Target information is hard-coded at the initiator.
b) Initiator queries storage name servers.
c) Initiator issues a multicast discovery message to the targets and the
SNS.
d) Initiator queries a canonical iSCSI target Storage Node object at a Network
Entity object for a list of targets.
4.1 Target Information is hard-coded
The exact manner in which the target information is hard-coded at the initiator
is an implementation detail. The information could be present in some persistent
location (such as a file) that can be accessed by the initiator.
4.2 Initiator queries a Storage Name Server (SNS)
The initiator can query a SNS for a list of the targets that it can access.
The type of information that is stored at the SNS, and the list of query and
registration APIs that should be supported by the SNS server are described in
Section 5 below. The implementation details of the SNS are beyond the scope of
this document.
4.3 Initiator Issues a Multicast Message
An initiator can send a multicast message to both storage name servers and iSCSI
targets. An initiator MAY send a multicast "SNS discovery" message to the (TBD)
iSCSI discovery multicast address on a (TBD) well-known iSCSI UDP port. An iSCSI
SNS MUST register as part of the iSCSI discovery multicast group and SHALL
respond to this message indicating that it functions as an SNS. Targets MAY
register as part of this multicast group but SHALL NOT respond to this message.
Alternatively, an initiator MAY send a multicast "all storage discovery" message
to the same multicast address. A storage name server MUST respond to this
message as if the message were the "SNS discovery message". A registered
target MAY respond to this message indicating that it is an iSCSI target.
A device that provides both iSCSI target and storage name server functions SHALL
respond with a message indicating that it provides both services. Finally,
the initiator MAY send a multicast "iSCSI targets only" message to the same
multicast address, and only the iSCSI targets and the iSCSI devices that provide
both iSCSI target and storage name server functions MAY respond to this message.
The choice of static configuration, SNS discovery or all storage discovery
protocols is a configuration choice of the initiator. There is no
authentication process associated with the iSCSI discovery multicast
messages.
If the initiator receives one or more responses to the "SNS discovery" message,
it may interact with those device for its target discovery services. If an
initiator receives responses to the "all storage discovery" message from only
targets, it may attempt Login with each of those devices. If an initiator
receives responses to an "all storage discovery" message from both targets and
storage name servers, it may choose to interact with the storage name servers
for target discovery services and/or attempt Login directly with responding
registered targets.
In summary, this discovery approach is flexible in that the initiators have the
freedom to select static configuration, a multicast based discovery mechanism
for small, isolated iSCSI environments, or they can choose a scalable storage
name server based discovery mechanism for large iSCSI environments.
Additionally, targets may be configured to participate or not
participate in the multicast group (e.g., if there is an SNS available, then
they may chose either dynamically or by configuration not to register in the
group).
4.4 SendTargets Command
An initiator may, after the Login process, connect to an iSCSI
canonical target and request for a list of target WWUIs, via a separate
SendTargets command, at the particular Network Entity object and the Portal
object. The returned data for this request shall contain a list
of tuples, where each tuple consists of a target WWUI and an IP
address:Port and an optional alias string. The canonical target MUST support
this request and the returned list MUST contain at least one entry for the
canonical target itself. The initiator can then attempt iSCSI Login to each of
the targets specified in the returned list.
During the login command, the initiator sets the target alias to "iSCSI"
with a WWUI of "*". If the login succeeds, the initiator may send a
sendTargets text command.
The response to this command is a text response containing a list of
tuples.
The format of this text string is as follows:
<TargetWWUI,IP Address:Port Number, Alias String>
The exact format of the text string is as follows:
TargetWWUI:com.acme.diskarray.sn.8675309
TargetAddress:10.1.0.45:3000
TargetAlias:foo/diskController1
TargetWWUI:com.acme.diskarray.sn.8888888
TargetAddress:10.1.0.46:3000
TargetAlias:foo/diskController2
A line containing the term TargetWWUI: is the start of a target; followed by its
address and alias, until the next targetWWUI: line. If no target addresses are
given, the initiator can log in to the same address as that used for in the
SendTargets command, and login to the default target. If multiple paths to the
WWUI are known, multiple address lines may be given.
4.4.1 Port Redirect Command
During the Login process, a target may redirect the initiator to connect to
another IP address:Port and then terminate the Login command (and its
connection). A target might do this for load balancing or it might do this to
provide multiple virtual targets through a simple initiator discovery protocol.
The target's response is a text string that is in the following format:
"REDIRECT: TargetWWUI:com.acme.diskarray.sn.999999
TargetAddress:10.1.0.49:3000
TargetAlias:foo/diskController3"
5. Storage Name Server (SNS)
The following section describes requirements for any Storage Name Server
used to support iSCSI. An example of a Storage Name Server is the iSNS
described in the draft document draft-ietf-ips-iSNS-00.txt [8].
5.1 Overview
The SNS shall be architected using a client-server paradigm, with the SNS server
predominantly serving a passive role. SNS clients actively register and
manipulate entity objects and their attributes in the SNS server. The SNS
server MAY send asynchronous state change notifications to registered SNS
clients in response to an action by a SNS client. Examples of SNS clients
include initiators, targets, management stations, and switches. The SNS server
can be hosted on a target, switch, or stand-alone server.
5.2 Login Control and Zoning
The SNS MUST support Zoning and Login control. The SNS must provide SNS clients
with the ability to enforce zoning configurations which may exist on the SNS
server. Targets and management stations shall be able to register (i.e.,
upload) Login Control and Zoning configurations to the iSNS if authorized by the
end user.
Zoning and Login control supports two separate purposes:
5.2.1 Discovery Domain Partitions
The SNS SHALL support the ability to partition the storage network into separate
"Discovery Domains". The SNS shall not provide information if the SNS client
performing the query is not in a common zone (i.e., "Discovery Domain") as the
SNS client that is the subject of the request. This capability prevents an
initiator from attempting an iSCSI login to every single target in a large
enterprise network, and is the iSCSI equivalent of "Soft" zoning.
5.2.2 Login Control
To support login access security which is specified in the current iSCSI draft
(Appendix A) [7] and MAY be implemented by the iSCSI target. The SNS shall
support login control by storing a mapping of initiators that are permitted to
access each target. Targets shall be able to query the SNS for
a list of initiators that are allowed login access. This list shall include
the key attribute (e.g., WWUI) used to identify the initiator. This capability
is the iSCSI equivalent of "Hard" zoning.
5.3 Object Model
The SNS MUST store the following objects and attributes:
Network Entity:
- Entity Identifier
- Management IP Address
- Entity Type (iSCSI)
Portal:
- Portal Index
- IP Address
- TCP Port Number
Storage Node:
- WWUI
- Alias
- Node Type (target or initiator or both)
Zone:
- Zone symbolic name
- Zone ID
- Zone Member: WWUI
- Zone Member: IP Address
A diagram of how the above objects are related is shown below.
+----------------------------------------------------------------+
| IP Network |
+------------+--------------------------------------+------------+
| |
| |
+-----+------+------+-----+ +-----+------+------+-----+
| | PORTAL | | | | PORTAL | |
| | -IP Addr 1 | | | | -IP Addr 2 | |
| | -TCP Port 1 | | | | -TCP Port 2 | |
| +-----+ +-----+ | | +-----+ +-----+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | |
| +--------+ +--------+ | | +-------+ +--------+ |
| | | | | | | |
| | STORAGE NODE | | | | STORAGE NODE | |
| | -WWUI | | | | -WWUI | |
| | -Alias: "server1"| | | | Alias: "disk1" | |
| | -Type: initiator | | | | -Type: target | |
| | | | | | | |
| +-------------------+ | | +------------------+ |
| | | |
| NETWORK ENTITY | | NETWORK ENTITY |
| -Entity ID (DNS): | | -Entity ID (DNS): |
| "strg1.foo.com" | | "strg2.bar.com" |
| -Type: iSCSI | | -Type: iSCSI |
| | | |
+-------------------------+ +-------------------------+
A ZONE contains one or more NETWORK ENTITY objects. Each NETWORK ENTITY
object contains one or more PORTAL objects, and one or more STORAGE NODE
objects.
5.4 SNS Message Format Requirements
The SNS protocol SHALL use a flexible and extensible message format such as
TLV (TLV is already used in many networking protocols such as DHCP). The SNS
protocol shall allow manipulation of multiple objects and attributes in the SNS
server through a single message and response.
5.5 SNS Authentication Requirements
The SNS protocol SHALL include optional authentication of SNS protocol
messages from SNS clients. The authentication mechanism will allow for
authentication of both client and server.
5.6 SNS Query and Registration Services Requirements
The SNS protocol allows initiators and targets to register themselves at
the SNS server. Initiators and targets can also query the SNS server for
information. For example, targets can register themselves at the SNS server, and
the initiators can query the SNS server about which targets they can access.
During registration, the initiators and the targets must provide the
following information:
a) Storage Entity ID
b) Portal object address (IP address and Port Number)
c) WWUI information
d) Storage node type
They could optionally also provide other information such as:
a) Zone related information
b) Alias string information
When querying address information in order to establish an iSCSI
connection, the query,
as a minimum, should return the following information:
a) Storage Entity IP address
The Portal Object IP address can be the same as the Storage Entity IP
address, and the Portal Object port number can be the (TBD) default iSCSI port
number. Furthermore, the WWUI of the target device can be queried by issuing the
SendTarget command to the default canonical iSCSI target present at the IP
address and port number.
5.7 State Change Notification Requirements
Asynchronous notification (State Change Notifications): The SNS must be
able to inform SNS clients of changes to its database, including changes or
modifications to zoning or login control policies and the
presence or absence of initiators and targets. These changes may occur as a
result of various events, including an SNS client actively manipulating changing
the SNS database, response or non-response to an
SNS heartbeat message, or a hardware interrupt delivered by the SNS host
platform (such as a switch). Asynchronous notification shall be delivered only
to SNS clients that register for the notification, and only for SNS clients that
are in the same Zone as the event.
5.8 The SNS protocol SHALL be a lightweight protocol that can be scaled down
for implementation on switches and targets, or scaled up for implementation on
servers.
5.9 The SNS SHALL meet the iSCSI boot requirements (see
draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-boot-00.txt).
6) Related Work
Jini [1], PnP [2] and Internet Server Location Protocol (SLP)[3] are some of the
other discovery protocols that are present in the industry. It is important to
note that there is no consensus in the industry as to which discovery protocol
should be used. Therefore, instead of adopting a specific existing protocol,
the NDT team has ensured that the iSCSI discovery mechanism contains the key
essential features of the above mentioned discovery protocols. The multicast
discovery mechanism, described above, provides iSCSI with the same discovery
capabilities as these other discovery protocols.
7. Outstanding Work Items
The following work items are still outstanding:
a) Impact of naming and discovery on iSCSI Login command.
b) Secure interaction between the storage director and the initiators
and the targets.
8. References
[1] Edwards, K., "Core Jini: In Depth: Discovery", Prentice Hall, 1999.
[2] John, R., "UPnP, Jini and Salutation- A look at some popular coordination
frameworks for future networked devices",
http://www.cswl.com/whiteppr/tech/upnp.html";, June 17, 1999.
[3] http://www.srvloc.org
[4] Freed, N., "Behavior of and Requirements for Internet Firewalls",
RFC 2979, October 2000.
[5] ANSI/IEEE Std 802-1990, Name: IEEE Standards for Local and
Metropolitan Area Networks: Overview and Architecture
[6] Kessler, G. and Shepard, S., "A Primer On Internet and TCP/IP Tools
and Utilities", RFC 2151, June 1997.
[7] Satran, J., Sapuntzakis, C., Wakeley, M., Von Stamwitz, P., Haagens,
R., Zeidner, E., Dalle Ore, L., Klein, Y., "iSCSI",
draft-ietf-ips-iscsi-00.txt, November, 2000.
[8] Gibbons, K., Tseng, J. and Monia, C., "iSNS Internet Storage Name
Service", draft-tseng-ips-isns-00.txt, October 2000.
6. Contact Author
Kaladhar Voruganti
650 Harry Road
IBM Almaden Research
San Jose, CA
USA
Email: kaladhar@us.ibm.com
Voruganti Internet Draft Expires July 2001
iSCSI Naming and Discovery January 2001
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Voruganti iSCSI Naming and Discovery Draft Expires July 2001
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